What is Allergies?
Allergic rhinitis is inflammation of the lining of the nose caused by an immune reaction to airborne allergens. It may be seasonal (for example pollen) or present all year round (for example dust mites).
The nose and lungs form one connected airway. Many people with allergic rhinitis also have asthma, and treating nasal allergy often improves asthma control.
Common symptoms
- Repeated sneezing
- Runny or blocked nose
- Itching of the nose, eyes, throat or palate
- Watery, red eyes
- Post-nasal drip and throat clearing
- Associated cough or wheeze
Possible causes & risk factors
- House dust mites
- Pollen from grasses, trees and weeds
- Pet dander and cockroach allergens
- Mould spores
- Irritants such as smoke, incense and strong perfumes
When should you consult a pulmonologist?
- Symptoms interfere with sleep, work or study
- Over-the-counter medicines are not helping
- You also have cough, wheeze or chest tightness
Diagnostic investigations
Your evaluation is tailored to your symptoms and history. It may include:
- Clinical history of triggers and patterns
- Spirometry to check for associated asthma
- FeNO testing
- Allergy testing (skin prick or specific IgE) when appropriate
Available treatment approaches
- Allergen avoidance measures tailored to your triggers
- Intranasal corticosteroid sprays
- Non-sedating antihistamines
- Saline nasal rinses
- Treatment of co-existing asthma
- Referral for allergen immunotherapy in selected patients
Treatment is individualised. The options above are general information; your doctor will recommend what is appropriate for you after assessment. Outcomes vary from person to person.
Frequently asked questions
When used as prescribed, modern intranasal steroid sprays act locally and have very little absorption into the body. They are considered safe for long-term use under medical supervision.
