What is Bronchoscopic Balloon Dilatation?
In balloon dilatation, a deflated balloon is positioned across a narrowed segment of the trachea or bronchus using a bronchoscope, then gently inflated to widen the airway. It is commonly used for scar-related (benign) airway narrowing, sometimes combined with other techniques.
Why it is done
- Post-intubation or post-tracheostomy tracheal stenosis
- Narrowing after endobronchial tuberculosis
- As part of treatment of malignant airway obstruction
Before the procedure
- Fasting for about 6 hours before the procedure (you will be given exact instructions)
- Inform the team about blood thinners, diabetes medicines and allergies — some medicines may need to be paused
- Blood tests and recent imaging (CT scan) are usually reviewed beforehand
- Bring a family member or friend to accompany you home
During the procedure
- Usually performed under general anaesthesia or deep sedation
- The balloon is inflated in stages under direct vision
After the procedure
- You will be observed for a short period until the sedation wears off
- Avoid eating or drinking for about 1–2 hours, until the throat numbness settles
- A mild sore throat, cough or slight blood-streaked sputum may occur briefly
- Do not drive or operate machinery for the rest of the day after sedation
- Biopsy results usually take a few days; your follow-up will be scheduled
Safety & risks
Bronchoscopy is generally a safe procedure. Possible risks include sore throat, transient fever, minor bleeding, low oxygen levels during the procedure and, rarely, pneumothorax (especially after lung biopsy). Your doctor will discuss the risks relevant to you before obtaining consent.
Preparation instructions may differ for individual patients — please follow the specific advice given at your consultation.